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It is important for parents to understand the differences between boys and girls when it comes to perceptions of fairness. Learning to be fair is a critical aspect of child development, influencing social relationships, empathy, and moral judgment. A recent study published in *Nature* explored how fairness perceptions differ between boys and girls, revealing meaningful gender-based patterns in sharing and competitive behavior. Understanding these dynamics can help parents better support their children, as early experiences with fairness shape social interactions and relationships later in life. The "Nature" study, conducted by researchers examining neurodevelopmental and behavioral patterns in children, found clear differences in how fairness is perceived and practiced by boys and girls. The study included a large sample of children aged 7 to 13 who participated in a resource-sharing task designed to measure fairness-related decision-making. By the end of the study, several key findings emerged. First, boys tended to display more competitive forms of fairness. When sharing with other boys, they were more likely to minimize their own losses and maximize personal gains. This competitive approach was noticeably reduced when boys interacted with girls, suggesting that social context plays an important role in shaping behavior. Second, girls showed a stronger preference for equality and empathy. They were more likely to favor equal distribution of resources and were generally less motivated by competition. Girls’ decisions were often guided by concern for others, and they were more willing to sacrifice personal gain for the benefit of the group. Third, these differences became more pronounced with age. Younger boys and girls showed fewer distinctions in fairness-related behavior. However, as children grew older, boys’ competitive tendencies became more evident, while girls’ inclination toward empathetic and egalitarian fairness strengthened. These patterns were also context-dependent. Boys were less competitive when interacting with girls, and girls showed increased generosity when sharing with close friends. Fourth, the study found neurological differences underlying these behaviors. Using functional MRI, researchers observed that boys and girls processed rewards differently during sharing tasks. Boys showed increased activity in brain regions associated with competition and self-interest, while girls exhibited greater activation in areas related to social cognition and empathy. These findings support the behavioral patterns observed during the study. Understanding how children of different genders perceive fairness can help parents guide social development more effectively. Fairness is not simply about equality; it involves recognizing the needs of others and responding appropriately. When parents model and encourage fairness at home, children learn how to resolve conflicts, cooperate with peers, and build trust. These skills form the foundation of moral development and teach children how to balance self-interest with consideration for others. Additional research published in the *Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology* highlights the importance of empathy in developing fairness. Children who are taught to recognize others’ emotions and adjust their behavior accordingly tend to navigate social situations more successfully, from friendships to future professional relationships. These skills often require direct guidance and are most effectively taught at home. Fairness in childhood also has long-term implications for mental health and well-being. Research links fairness to reward processing, motivation, and self-esteem. Children who experience fairness consistently, both in giving and receiving, are more likely to develop a strong sense of self-worth. In contrast, repeated experiences of unfairness may contribute to insecurity, mistrust, or aggressive behavior. From an evolutionary perspective, fairness is a core component of social cooperation. Learning it early prepares children for adult social life. Research published in *Frontiers in Psychology* shows that fairness-related behaviors are associated with stronger peer relationships, reduced conflict, and more cohesive communities. Together, these findings highlight the lasting impact of fairness and the vital role parents play in nurturing it during childhood.